An omega-3 fatty acid found in the human brain and the meat of fatty fish. DHA plays a key role in the development of eye and nerve tissues, and is essential for normal brain function in humans. DHA may also reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease1 and cardiovascular disease, and may be useful in treating certain inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Dietary sources of DHA include krill oil and the meat and roe of salmon, flying fish, and pollock. [1] Patrick, Rhonda P. "Role of phosphatidylcholine-DHA in preventing APOE4-associated Alzheimer’s disease." The FASEB Journal (2018): fj-201801412R.

An omega-3 fatty acid found in the meat of fatty fish. EPA reduces inflammation in the body and helps counter oxidative stress in cells. It is crucial for modulating behavior and mood and has demonstrated beneficial effects in managing anxiety and depression. EPA may reduce risk of developing certain chronic diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Dietary sources of EPA include herring, salmon, eel, shrimp and sturgeon.

A member of the specialized pro-resolving mediator family of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites. Maresin is produced in macrophages during the metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It exerts anti-inflammatory properties.

A type of study that analyzes the data derived from multiple studies. Meta-analyses apply objective, statistical formulas to identify a common effect.

A type of lipid molecule that has one end that repels water and one phosphate-containing end that attracts water. Because phospholipids both repel and attract water, they are called amphiphilic. Phospholipids are essential for emulsifying fatty compounds with water, a process that occurs when fats are digested, absorbed, and transported in water-rich environments like the stomach, inside of cells, and in the bloodstream. Phospholipids are the main component of most inner and outer cellular membranes. Lecithin is a main dietary source of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, and can be found in egg yolks and extracted from soy.

A member of the specialized pro-resolving mediator family of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites. Protectin is produced during the metabolism of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and n–3 docosapentaenoic acid. It exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

Byproducts of omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. SPMs reduce the inflammation that drives many chronic diseases. Four families of SPMs have been identified and include the resolvins, lipoxins, protectins, and maresins. The SPMs promote apoptosis, regulate leukocyte (white blood cell) activity, and reduce the production of proinflammatory mediators.