Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and long-term lung damage
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Complications from severe COVID-19, such as pneumonia and ARDS, can lead to irreversible lung damage. In patients with ARDS, fluid leaks into tiny air sacs in the lungs and prevents air exchange. This promotes the buildup of scar tissue in the lungs, a condition known as pulmonary fibrosis, which decreases the quality of life and can lead to death. Patients who develop ARDS are much more likely to die. In 191 confirmed coronavirus patients in Wuhan, China, researchers found 50 of the 54 patients who died had developed ARDS while only nine of the 137 survivors had ARDS. A cohort study of 50 ARDS survivors found that more than five years after discharge, survivors had a 25 percent reduction in physical function compared to controls as measured by health-related quality of life assessment. Patients who do not develop pneumonia or ARDS do not appear to have irreversible lung damage, but long-term data specific to COVID-19 is unavailable. In this clip, Dr. Rhonda Patrick discusses whether COVID-19 disease causes permanent lung damage.
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A large class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels, including stroke, hypertension, thrombosis, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and more. Cardiovascular disease is often caused by lifestyle factors. As such, up to 90 percent of cardiovascular disease may be preventable.[1]
- ^ McGill, Henry C.; McMahan, C. Alex; Gidding, Samuel S (2008). Preventing Heart Disease In The 21St Century Circulation 117, 9.
An infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19, or coronavirus disease 2019, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. The disease manifests primarily as a lower respiratory illness, but it can affect multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. Symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of smell and taste. Some infected persons, especially children, are asymptomatic. Severe complications of COVID-19 include pneumonia, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and cytokine storm. Treatments currently involve symptom management and supportive care. Mortality varies by country and region, but approximately 6 percent of people living in the United States who are diagnosed with COVID-19 expire.[1] 1
An essential mineral present in many foods. Iron participates in many physiological functions and is a critical component of hemoglobin. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart arrhythmias.
A chemical reaction in which an atom, molecule, or ion gains one or more electrons.
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