Proteins called Yamanaka factors can reprogram differentiated (mature) cells into pluripotent stem cells. However, scientists don’t fully understand the metabolic requirements underlying this process. A new study shows that vitamin B12 supports the metabolic processes involved in cellular reprogramming.

First, researchers investigated how gut bacteria influence cellular reprogramming in mice. They induced gene expression to initiate reprogramming, and then they treated the mice with antibiotics to disrupt their gut microbiota. They found that reprogramming efficiency in the colon and stomach decreased markedly, and the gut microbial composition changed, altering vitamin B12 metabolism.

Next, they provided the mice with supplemental vitamin B12. They found that B12 promoted the methylation of histone H3 at a specific site known as H3K36me3, an epigenetic marker that is crucial in preventing the start of improper transcription. Then, they studied the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency in an animal model of ulcerative colitis and found that supplementing with vitamin B12 accelerated tissue repair in the colon.

These findings suggest that vitamin B12 is pivotal in enhancing cellular reprogramming efficiency and promoting tissue repair. They also underscore B12’s importance in fundamental biological processes and point toward potential therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration and rejuvenation. Learn more about Yamanaka factors and cellular reprogramming in this clip featuring Dr. Steve Horvath.

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