Randomized controlled trial finds aerobic exercise alone or aerobic exercise plus dietary changes improved executive function in older individuals after 6 months. The exercise plus dietary changes group had executive function scores corresponding to a 9-year improvement.

The aerobic exercise consisted of walking, jogging, or cycling for 45 minutes, three times per week. The aerobic exercise alone improved executive function.

The dietary changes included a DASH diet and did not improve executive function alone but in combination with exercise, it improved executive function better than exercise alone.