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Here’s just a few of the topics Joe and Rhonda discussed this time around:
  • The endorphin system
  • Vitamin D controls serotonin in brain and gut
  • Role of vitamin D and serotonin in autism
  • Hormesis and how a little stress is good for you
  • Whether anti-nutrients in kale good or bad for you
  • Telomeres and how they relate to aging
  • How antioxidants prevent damage to DNA, lipid membranes, and proteins in the body
  • Supplemental vitamin E and the interaction between alpha and gamma tocopherols
  • The importance of omega-3 fatty acids
  • Stem cells and aging: what this means for lifespan
  • Diet and epigenetics and how this relates to aging
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    I wanted to clarify on the open question on krill oil had in the podcast.

    The benefits of krill oil is it’s in phospholipid form whereas fish oil is often molecularly distilled removing the phospholipid matrix to purify for DHA and EPA.

    The problem is such distilled oils need to be bound to other preformed fats, e.g. milk, in order to pass the blood brain barrier. The absorption level with the brain is an order higher as a result. There is a near religious [industry] war on triglyceride v phospholipid forms of fish oil and krill oil; distilled isn’t even in contention.

    in any event, krill oil has near 100% absorption (with shellfish allergy as side effect) whereas distilled oils can be quite low absorption rate, in the low double digits. At best take distilled fish oil with fats like milk. otherwise, take non distilled fish oils like whole salmon and krill oils are best. Personally I prefer phospholipid form, as it maximizes bioavailablity, and go out of my way to obtain them. I also take krill oil The Astaxanthin is a flavonoid derived from micro algae that provides stamina for salmon to swim upstream, as well as yield its orange hue.

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      Some of the studies comparing fish oil to krill oil were not done correctly. For example, most of the fish oil (triglyceride form) on the market has less than 2% linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) but the fish oil used in some of these studies had a high percent of linoleic acid. This skews the data because linoleic acid competes with EPA for the delta desaturase. This is a good study (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024511/) that compares fish oil to krill oil. There is a modest benefit in krill oil in that you can achieve the same level of EPA and DHA in the blood but at a slightly lower concentration due to the increased bioavailability from phospholipids. The other added benefit of the krill oil is the presence of astaxanthin, which appears to be an anti-oxidant. I am looking into the effects on the brain but I agree there may be a benefit to the phospholipid form for brain.